This effect was achieved by increasing the expression and/or release of proinflammatory molecules, e.g. CD40L or IFNγ, while reducing the presence of immunosuppressive cytokines, e.g. IL-6 and IL-10, and suppressive immune cells such as Tregs, MDSCs, and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) (Figure 4) (161). Here, IFNG is linked to neoplasm.