INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Kahn et al.16studied 30 nonobese participants with insulin dependent diabetes who were insulin resistant with a mean age of 34 years; Garvey et al.18studied lean and obese controls, as well as obese people with impaired glucose tolerance and T2D; and finally, Pedersen et al studied 17 people with T2D, some of whom were newly diagnosed and treatment naive, compared with lean and obese controls.15