Kahn et al.16studied 30 nonobese participants with insulin dependent diabetes who were insulin resistant with a mean age of 34 years; Garvey et al.18studied lean and obese controls, as well as obese people with impaired glucose tolerance and T2D; and finally, Pedersen et al studied 17 people with T2D, some of whom were newly diagnosed and treatment naive, compared with lean and obese controls.15 This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus.