T1DM is believed to be a multifactorial consequence all along, however, there is overwhelming evidence that it is an autoimmune disease, typically mediated by an autoreactive T cell, characterized by a progressive immune destruction of insulin-producing β cells in the pancreatic islets, and subsequently resulting in absolute insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia within patients [5–8]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus.