TGFB1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a chronic and progressive interstitial lung disease, is considered to result from a failure of alveolar epithelial cell repair after repetitive injury leading to increased expression of profibrotic mediators, including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and activation of fibroblasts and abnormal wound healing responses [1, 2].