This effect is analogous to a previous report showing that the ACPA immune complex-induced production of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, CCL2, and TNF-α was suppressed by treatment with abatacept in cultures of macrophages that were generated in vitro from CD68+ peripheral blood monocytes from RA patients in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor [28]. Here, TNF is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.