MTOR and malignant colon neoplasm: δ-Valerobetaine (δVB) as a dietary metabolite was reported to activate mitophagy in SW480 and SW620 colon cancer cells via PINK1/Parkin/LC3B axis.287 F0911-7667, a sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) activator, could also induce mitophagy via the SIRT1–PINK1–Parkin pathway in U87MG and T98G cells, and induce autophagic cell death through regulating the AMPK-mTOR-ULK pathway.288 Additionally, thioridazine (THD), an antipsychotic drug, was used to enhance p62-mediated autophagy and apoptosis of glioblastoma multiform (GBM) cells by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway289 (Table 9).