After TNF-α binds to TNFR1 on the plasma membrane, downstream protein molecules are recruited to form complex I. The protein of RIPK1 is transformed into the cytoplasmic receptor of RIPK1.24 Depending on the stimuli or the cancer cellular microenvironment, complex I activates different signaling pathways downstream through the regulation of RIPK1, resulting in two death modes, apoptosis, and necroptosis. Here, TNF is linked to cancer.