Cell death can be both a consequence and a cause of inflammation.364 While apoptosis induces minimum inflammatory response during the progression of NAFL/NASH, lytic forms of cell death, such as necroptosis and pyroptosis, can trigger the inflammation via DAMPs.293 On the other hand, the extensive release of inflammatory mediators, such as TNFα and TGFβ, will cause more cell death, which collectively promotes the pathogenesis of NAFL/NASH. Here, TNF is linked to non-alcoholic fatty liver.