SAAL1 and cancer: To explore the potential mechanisms by which SAAL1 may contribute to carcinogenesis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed in TCGA cohorts to identify functionally enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways and Gene Ontology (GO) terms related to immune-relevant pathways in high and low SAAL1-expressing cancers (Figure 8).