While pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and LPS are recognized by corresponding inflammasomes and caspases, such as caspase-1 (CASP1), caspase-3 (CASP3), caspase-11 (Casp11) and counterpart caspase-4 (CASP4), and caspase-5 (CASP5) in human, respectively to induce the activation of pyroptosis pathways, increasing evidence suggests that pyroptosis is deeply involved in infectious diseases [17], hematologic disorders [18], and tumorigenesis [19]. The gene discussed is CASP5; the disease is infectious disease.