PARP1 and hydrops fetalis: To this end, this study aimed to develop HF-MSCs overexpressing PBX1, overexpressing both PBX1 and PARP1, downregulating SIRT1, or overexpressing PBX1 and downregulating SIRT1 as well as examining the biomarkers associated with senescence, apoptosis, DNA damage, and DNA repair in HF-MSCs.