In particular, the mechanism of nephroprotective effects of GLP-1RAs is considered not only by the improvement of conventional risk factors for DKD, but also by direct actions on kidney including modulation of sodium and water homeostasis through sodium-hydrogen exchanger 3, improved tubule-glomerular feedback, reduced inflammation, and decreased oxidative stress [22, 23]. This evidence concerns the gene SLC9A3 and diabetic kidney disease.