TNF and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Inhibition of MCP-1 or specific MCP-1 antagonist can inhibit the release of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 from macrophages.[29] In this study, we found that the plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the T2DM combined with sepsis group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the levels of these cytokines also increased with the severity of sepsis.