TNF and Arthritis: On a rat model with Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced arthritis, umbelliferone was found to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-1β (Ouyang et al., 2019; Wu G et al., 2021), and osteoclastogenesis biomarkers, such as MMP-3 and MMP-9 (Wu G et al., 2021); according to the authors, such reduced gene expressions were due to suppressed NF-κB signaling upon umbelliferone administration.