Among smooth muscle cells, RORA, PLXNDC2, LTBP3/4 and SEMA5A were upregulated in DCM and ACTG1/2, ACTB, LGALS3, LDHA, IFITM2/3 and NGF were downregulated in DCM (Extended Data Fig. 9). This evidence concerns the gene LTBP3 and familial dilated cardiomyopathy.