MAPT and Cognitive impairment: As plasma total tau protein just partly reflects the pathology of dementia (Mattsson et al., 2016), evidence has indicated that measurements of phosphorylated tau species, P-tau181, P-tau217, and P-tau231, appear to have better performance in discriminating patients with cognitive impairment (Tang et al., 2018; Palmqvist et al., 2021; Tissot et al., 2022; Verde, 2022).