Second, our study lacked some information at the time of participants' blood sample collection, including indicators of the acute inflammatory state (i.e., CRP, IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α) [29–31], some other drugs use such as the use of steroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, previous use of antibiotics and therapy durations, and information about other diseases that could cause inflammation, such as pneumonia, all of which may influence baseline leukocyte counts. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and susceptibility to pneumonia measurement.