Moreover, our previous studies have demonstrated that in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), a key brain area that regulates both pain and emotional behaviors (Veinante et al., 2013; Neugebauer, 2015; Zhu et al., 2019), of chronic pain-induced depression rats SIRT1 expression is decreased significantly, while SIRT1 overexpression alleviates the depression-like behaviors associated with chronic pain, indicating that SIRT1 plays an important role in the formation of chronic pain-induced depression (Zhou et al., 2020; Sun et al., 2021). This evidence concerns the gene SIRT1 and major depressive disorder.