CAV1 and glioblastoma: CAV-1 and CX43 colocate in glioblastoma cells [28], and the upregulation of CAV-1 upregulates the expression of CX43 and changes the cytoskeleton [29], suggesting that the CAV-1 overexpression after SMIR-induced surgery may promote the functional coupling between astrocyte, microglia, and neurons through the upregulation of CX43, thus contributing to a significant increase in mechanical pain sensitivity.