TNF and asthma: Previous studies have unraveled the role of IL-17 in provoking the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, CXCL1, IL-8 and MCP-1 (22) in various inflammatory diseases, of which asthma was highlighted since IL-17-orchestrated IL-8 synthesis is crucial to promote neutrophil recruitment and disrupt neutrophil homeostasis in severe and fatal asthma (23).