IL1B and Sepsis: During sepsis, inflammatory cytokines enter the central nervous system through various pathways, including receptor-mediated transcellular action, transcellular diffusion, and carrier proteins (62, 63).Proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and lipopolysaccharide, reactive oxygen species, and NO act on BBB to alter brain function, resulting in the disruption of brain homeostasis and changes in BBB permeability (64–66).