Non-immune cells were mainly composed of endothelial cells (Es; CDH5, SPARC, TM4SF1, and INSR), hepatic stellate cells (HSCs; RGS5, COL1A1, ACTA2, and PDGFRB), apparently normal epithelial cells (KRT18, KRT19, and EPCAM), and hepatocyte or HCC malignant cells (Figure 1C). The gene discussed is TM4SF1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.