DKK1 and melanoma: Abnormal mitochondria and redox imbalance may occur after HANPs enter melanoma cells, further regulating the Wnt signaling, proteoglycans in cancer, p53 signaling pathways and oxidative phosphorylation via increased Wnt5a, DKK1, IGFBP3, THBS1 and ApoA1 protein expression, ultimately inducing apoptosis.