In addition, in C57BL/6 mice with metabolic syndrome, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) can slow down the conduction between the myocardium and leads to AF by reducing the expression of Cx40 and Cx43 and glycosylating the serine of Cx40 and Cx43 (91, 92). Here, GJA1 is linked to atrial fibrillation.