PTPN13 and lung cancer: PTPN13 negatively regulates the growth and migration of lung cancer cells in vitro and inhibits tumorigenicity in vivo by controlling tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR and HER2 and by inhibiting transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1)-induced activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Smad 2/3 pathways, respectively (53, 54).