While the regulation of alpha-cell GLP-1 production remains poorly understood, several studies have demonstrated that experimentally induced islet stress (e.g., by a cytokine cocktail (60), streptozotocin (STZ) (51), palmitate (61), or chronic hyperglycemia (18, 59)) potently stimulates alpha-cell GLP-1 production. This evidence concerns the gene GCG and Hyperglycemia.