The increases in ANXA1 observed in AD brains suggest that upregulation of AnxA1 could represent an adaptive response of microglia during inflammatory conditions and an attempt to turn down inflammation at the early disease stage; in later stages with chronic production of Aβ and pro-inflammatory cytokines, microglia change their neuroprotective phenotype in favor of a more pro-inflammatory activation state [91]. The gene discussed is ANXA1; the disease is Alzheimer disease.