Evidence of gut inflammation in CF patients has been reported since 2000, when Smyth et al. showed that CF patients had increased intestinal outputs of albumin, IgG, IgM, eosinophil cationic protein, neutrophil elastase, interleukin 1beta (IL-1β), and interleukin 8 (IL-8) [59]. The gene discussed is CXCL8; the disease is cystic fibrosis.