PAPPA and fetal growth restriction: The calculation of the risk is the result of the association of risk factors such as nulliparity, Afro-Caribbean ethnicity, BMI ≥ 30, chronic maternal hypertension, obstetric history, positive family history of PE, positive obstetric history of intrauterine fetal death (IUFD), or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), serum levels of PAPP-A (Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A) and PlGF (Placental Growth Factor), ultrasound measurement of the pulsatility index of uterine arteries (PI), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) [13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28].