INS and diabetes mellitus: At baseline, 53 of 65 patients (81.5%) were diagnosed with T2DM (mean duration of diabetes, 9.7 ± 7.3 years); 20 of the patients with T2DM (37.7%) were receiving insulin treatment, whereas 45 (84.9%) were on glucose-lowering agents, with a mean elevated HbA1c of 7.5% (Table 4).