NFE2L2 and Alzheimer disease: Lee (2017) demonstrated that α-pinene increased protein levels of antioxidant enzymes, namely the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in the hippocampus of the scopolamine-induced AD mice model via activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) [185], which is a transcription factor that stimulates an antioxidant defense response.