PADI4 and neoplasm: PAD expression is though generally reported as increased in tumours, with PAD2 and PAD4 reported to be the most commonly expressed PAD isozymes and PAD4 overexpression was reported in carcinomas of kidney, soft tissue tumours, oesophagus, liver, lung, colon, gastric, bladder, breast and ovary, while PAD2 overexpression was reported in small lung cell and prostate cancers, and also in breast cancer [29,43,44,45,46,47,48].