Out of three clinical studies on the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in cardiovascular disease patients as measured on cardiac MRI (EMPA-HEART, including T2DM patients with coronary artery disease; Sugar-DM-HF, including T2DM-HFrEF patients; and EMPA-TROPISM, including non-diabetic HFrEF patients), only the EMPA-TROPISM study found evidence of SGLT2-inhibitor-mediated improvements in LVEF [155]. This evidence concerns the gene SLC5A2 and cardiovascular disorder.