Although all neurotrophins are expressed in the retina and in MCs [22,23,24,25], it appears that BDNF is the most studied neurotrophin in terms of therapeutic potential for retinal neurodegenerative conditions due to its wide range of beneficial effects, namely the ability to promote retinal neuronal growth [26,27], reduce reactive gliosis [28] and suppress retinal inflammation [29]. This evidence concerns the gene BDNF and inflammation.