Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP) that signals via the Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) and triggers NFκB, was shown to lead to the association of NFκB to the PD-L1 promotor and its subsequent expression in colorectal cancer cells, extending the evidence found from primary cells [48]. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and colorectal cancer.