TNF and gastritis: There were no gastritis lesions in mice with daily fasting with 1xPBS (control) or Candida administration, although the levels of stomach pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) were higher in fasting mice with PBS or C. albicans than in the non-fasting control mice (normal mice) (Figure 6C–E); nevertheless, the levels observed in the fasting mice were lower than those of mice administered with either H. pylori or Candida containing H. pylori (Figure 6C–E).