Beyond the role of vitamin D in glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, it is suggested that impairment of the vitamin D–VDR axis may impair gut innate immunity and contribute to liver pathology via the downregulation of Paneth cell alpha defensins, bacterial translocation, endotoxemia, low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis [116]. The gene discussed is VDR; the disease is Hepatic steatosis.