TNF and neoplasm: Our results showed that DMW treatment (i) had potent and direct pro-inflammatory effects in xenograft tumour tissues, as reflected by increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α and IFN-γ) and activation of the NF-κB pathway, and (ii) caused a significant increase in RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL protein expression in the xenograft mice compared to vehicle-treated mice.