Moreover, NF-κB activation has been suggested to be necessary for neutrophil elastase-induced secretion of TGFβ-1 from smooth muscle cells, and it is involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the mouse model of asthma, showing an alleged role of NF-κB activation in smooth muscle cells in AHR and remodeling [22]. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and asthma.