TM4SF5 and liver cancer: A high expression of TM4SF5 in liver cancer cells triggers intracellular signaling, leading to the downregulation of surface ligand-related factors (including SLAMF6, SLAMF7, MICA/B, and others), which leads to immune evasion from NK cells and ECM production, promoting precancerous and cancerous phenotypes [13] (Figure 4B).