ALB and Nephropathy: Clinically, DKD is characterized by progressive kidney damage that is reflected by increasing albuminuria (more than 300 mg/24 h (macroalbuminuria) or >200 μg/min) or an albumin creatinine ratio >300 mg/g creatinine, impairment in renal function (decline in glomerular filtration rate/GFR) with estimated GFR (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, elevated blood pressure, and excess morbidity and mortality caused by cardiovascular complications [23].