Smitha et al. [64] reported (meta-analysing 20 primary level studies) that 25.3% of OSCC cases overexpressed p16 and Mulder et al. [27] meta-analysed 12 studies reporting that immunohistochemical overexpression of p16 was more prevalent in non-smoking and non-drinking patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma, which is consistent with this tumour being more associated with HPV infection than with the classical aetiological factors of OSCC of other intraoral sites. The gene discussed is CDKN2A; the disease is neoplasm.