BRAF and neoplasm: While off-label, a recent proof-of-concept study showed that performing a biopsy of the tumor via a trans-ventricular neuroendoscopic approach to obtain a sufficient tissue sample for histopathological and molecular analysis succeeded in (1) detecting a somatic BRAFV600E mutation and (2) to drastically reducing tumor volume (90%) after combination therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors and (3) relieving patient symptoms [82].