CXCL11 and neoplasm: Our immunohistochemistry analyses showed that tumor tissues with a high secretion of chemokines contained fewer numbers of T cells in the total stroma; however, the CAF-mediated retention of T cells in the stroma could be overcome in the presence of high levels of CXCL10, CXCL11 and CCL8, since the spatial localization of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells within and close to the tumor nests was correlated with a high secretion of those chemokines (Figure 6B,C).