IL1B and infectious otitis media: Studies have shown that compared to WT mice, Nlrp3−/− mice are more susceptible to DSS-induced colitis and AOM/DSS-induced CRC, and that these mice show a reduced expression of β-defensin, IL-1β, IL-10, TGF-β, and altered microbiota (even as far as the development of bacteremia) [36]; for example, Rikenellaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Mycobacterium, Clostridium, and Lactobacillus are increased while Bacteroidaceae, Verrucomicrobia, and Akkermansia are decreased (Table 1) in Nlrp3−/− mice [37,38].