Since immunotherapy is the first-line treatment for NRAS-mutant melanoma, a team of researchers conducted a case-control study to retrospectively analyze 236 patients with NRAS-mutant melanoma and 128 patients with wild-type NRAS melanoma who had received checkpoint blockade therapies, such as ipilimumab (an anti-CTLA-4 antibody) and anti-PD-1 therapy. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is melanoma.