KLK3 and medical procedure: Since its introduction in the late 1980s, Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) has been the most widely applied test for initial PCa screening, follow-up, and monitoring of recurrence after RP [11]; however, PSA is organ but not cancer-specific; thus, it may be elevated in benign prostatic hypertrophy, prostatitis, and other non-malignant conditions [12].