LIPG and neoplasm: Figure 5D shows that cynaroside significantly inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with 100 μM cynaroside significantly inhibited LIPG+ tumor cells (468-OE) and LIPG- tumor cells (468-KD) (Figure 5E), suggesting that cynaroside inhibited tumor cell growth through LIPG-dependent and LIPG-independent pathways.