These DEGs include EZR, which was upregulated in DCIS, and 21 genes upregulated exclusively in the IDC samples: DCAF13, CKAP2, PCNA, ECT2, CDK1, CCT5, ASPM, TOP2A, ANLN, PLK1, CENPF, CCNA2, KIF11, DTL, CCNB1, KIF23, MKI67, NUSAP1, TPX2, FOXM1, and CCNB2. Here, CKAP2 is linked to ductal breast carcinoma in situ.