GAL and glioma: In addition to the nervous system actions mediated by the galaninergic system (e.g., GAL exerts a neuroprotective action in the hippocampus and favors neurite outgrowth) [49,50], GAL also mediates non-neural functions including the emerging roles played by the peptide in tumorigenesis [20] and in tumor-infiltrating immune cells (e.g., glioma-associated macrophages, microglia, neutrophils) [30].