GALR1 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: The GAL1R gene promoter is widely hypermethylated in HNSCC (cell lines, primary tumor); this is related to reduced GAL1R expression, which can be restored by treating with a histone deacetylase inhibitor (trichostatin A) or with a methyltransferase inhibitor (5-azacytodine) [191,198].