miRNA-mRNA interactions identified a number of commonly enriched pathways, as well as pathways exclusively associated with 24-miRNA signature-/HPV-negative HNSCC: the TNF signaling pathway, for which a promoting effect on lymph angiogenesis in HNSCC was suggested [40]; cellular senescence, previously shown to be involved in radioresistance and of therapeutic relevance in HNSCC [41,42]; and focal adhesion, involved in progression of HPV-negative HNSCC [43]. Here, TNF is linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.